Mari small Folk Art Portrait on Hardboard Girl Mexican Indian by Mari

American painter

Grandma Moses
Born	Anna Mary Robertson (1860-09-07)September 7, 1860 Greenwich, New York, United States
Died	December xiii, 1961(1961-12-thirteen) (aged 101) Hoosick Falls, New York, United States
Nationality	United states
Known for	Painting, Embroidery
Notable piece of work	The Old Checky Inn in Summer
Spouse(south)	Thomas Salmon Moses (thousand. 1887–1927; his expiry)

Anna Mary Robertson Moses (September 7, 1860 – December xiii, 1961), or Grandma Moses, was an American folk artist. She began painting in earnest at the age of 78 and is a prominent instance of a newly successful art career at an advanced age. Her works have been shown and sold worldwide, including in museums, and have been merchandised such equally on greeting cards. Sugaring Off was sold for US$1.2 million in 2006.

Moses appeared on magazine covers, boob tube, and in a biographical documentary. Her autobiography is My Life'due south History, she won numerous awards, and she held two honorary doctoral degrees.

The New York Times said: "The uncomplicated realism, nostalgic atmosphere and luminous color with which Grandma Moses portrayed simple subcontract life and rural countryside won her a broad post-obit. She was able to capture the excitement of wintertime's kickoff snow, Thanksgiving preparations and the new, immature green of oncoming bound... In person, Grandma Moses charmed wherever she went. A tiny, lively adult female with mischievous gray optics and a quick wit, she could be sharp-tongued with a sycophant and stern with an errant grandchild."^[1]

She was a live-in housekeeper for a total of 15 years, starting at historic period 12. An employer noticed her appreciation for their prints made by Currier and Ives, and they supplied her with drawing materials. Moses and her husband began their married life in Virginia, where they worked on farms. In 1905, they returned to the Northeastern The states and settled in Eagle Span, New York. They had ten children, five of whom survived infancy. She embroidered pictures with yarn, until disabled by arthritis.

Early life [edit]

Anna Mary Robertson in the 1860s

Anna Mary Robertson was built-in in Greenwich, New York on September seven, 1860; she was the 3rd of ten children born to Margaret Shanahan Robertson and Russell King Robertson. She was raised with four sisters and five brothers. Her father ran a flax factory and was a farmer.^[two] She briefly attended a one-room school.^[1] That schoolhouse is now the Bennington Museum in Vermont, which has the largest collection of her works in the United States.^[3] She was inspired to paint by taking art lessons at school. Equally a child, she started painting using lemon and grape juice to brand colors for her "landscapes"^[1] and used ground ocher, grass, flour paste, slack lime, and sawdust.^[4]

At historic period 12, she left dwelling and performed farm chores for a wealthy neighboring family unit. She continued to keep house, melt, and sew for wealthy families for xv years.^{[1] [ii]} One of these families, the Whitesides, noticed her involvement in their Currier and Ives prints and bought her chalk and wax crayons.^[4]

Spousal relationship and children [edit]

At historic period 27, she worked on the same farm with Thomas Salmon Moses, a "hired man". They were married and established themselves near Staunton, Virginia where they spent nearly two decades, living and working in turn on five local farms. 4 of them are The Bong Farm or Eakle Farm, The Dudley Farm, Mount Airy Farm (at present included within Augusta Canton's Millway Place Industrial Park), and Mount Nebo.^{[5] [6]} To supplement the family income at Mount Nebo, Anna made murphy chips and churned butter from the milk of a cow that she purchased with her savings. Later, the couple bought a subcontract.^[ii] Mount Airy near Verona, Virginia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. Having bought the house in Jan 1901, it is the kickoff residence the family owned. They lived there until September 1902.^{[7] [8]}

Anna Mary Robertson Moses with two of her children

V of the ten children born to them survived infancy. Although she loved living in the Shenandoah Valley, in 1905 Anna and Robert moved to a farm in Eagle Bridge, New York at her husband's urging. When Thomas Moses was about 67 years of age in 1927, he died of a middle attack, after which Anna's son Forrest helped her operate the farm. She never married again. She retired and moved to a girl's domicile in 1936.^{[1] [2] [9]} She was known as either "Mother Moses" or "Grandma Moses", and although she start exhibited as "Mrs. Moses", the press dubbed her "Grandma Moses", and the nickname stuck.^[10]

Decorative arts [edit]

Equally a young wife and mother, Moses was creative in her home; for instance, in 1918 she used housepaint to decorate a fireboard. Get-go in 1932, Moses made embroidered pictures of yarn for friends and family.^{[2] [ix]} She created quilted objects, a class of "hobby art". Lucy R. Lippard stated in "The Word in Their Hands" that she found "hobby fine art" to be "an activity so 'depression' on the art lists that information technology still ranks way beneath 'folk art...'" She constitute that hobby art oftentimes involves reuse of otherwise discarded objects.^{[11] [10]}

By the age of 76, Moses had developed arthritis, which made embroidery painful. Her sister Celestia suggested that painting would exist easier for her, and this idea spurred Moses's painting career in her belatedly 70s.^{[2] [9]} Grandma Moses likewise told reporters that she turned to painting in order to create the postman's Christmas gift, seeing equally it "was easier to brand [a painting] than to bake a block over a hot stove".^[10] Existence practical, painted works would last longer than her embroidered compositions made of worsted wool, which risked being eaten by moths. Judith Stein noted that "her sense of achievement in her painting was rooted in her ability to make 'something from nothing'".^[10] When her correct hand began to hurt, she switched to her left hand.

Art career [edit]

What appeared to exist an interest in painting at a late historic period was actually a manifestation of a childhood dream. With no time in her hard farm-life to pursue painting, she was obliged to set aside her passion to pigment. At age 92 she wrote, "I was quite small, my begetter would go me and my brothers white paper by the sheet. He liked to see united states of america draw pictures, it was a penny a sheet and lasted longer than processed."^[12]

Style [edit]

Moses painted scenes of rural life^[ten] from earlier days, which she called "old-timey" New England landscapes. Moses said that she would "get an inspiration and start painting; so I'll forget everything, everything except how things used to be and how to paint it so people will know how we used to live."^[1] From her works of fine art, she omitted features of modern life, such every bit tractors and telephone poles.^[thirteen]

Her early fashion is less individual and more realistic or archaic, with a lack of knowledge of, or perhaps rejection of, bones perspective.^{[14] [fifteen]} Initially she created simple compositions or copied existing images. As her career advanced, she created complicated, panoramic compositions of rural life.^[16]

She was a prolific painter, generating more than than i,500 canvasses in three decades.^[16] She initially charged $iii to $5 for a painting, depending upon its size, and as her fame increased her works were sold for $8,000 to $10,000.^[i] Her winter paintings are reminiscent of some of the known winter paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, although she had never seen his work.^[17] A German language fan said, "There emanates from her paintings a light-hearted optimism; the world she shows us is beautiful and information technology is good. Yous feel at dwelling in all these pictures, and you know their significant. The unrest and the neurotic insecurity of the nowadays twenty-four hour period brand the states inclined to savor the simple and affirmative outlook of Grandma Moses."^[one]

Initial exhibitions [edit]

During a visit to Hoosick Falls in 1938, Louis J. Caldor, an art collector who worked every bit an engineer in the state of New York, saw paintings made by Moses in the window of a drug store. He bought their supply and ten more than from her Eagle Bridge house for $3 or $5 each. The next year, three Grandma Moses paintings were included in New York's Museum of Modern Art exhibition titled "Contemporary Unknown American Painters". Her first solo exhibition, "What a Farm Wife Painted", opened in New York in Oct 1940 at Otto Kallir'south Galerie St. Etienne.^{[ii] [10]} A meet-and-greet with the artist and an exhibition of 50 paintings at Gimbel's Department Store was held next on Nov 15. Her fine art displays included samples of her baked goods and preserves that won Moses prizes at the canton fair. Her third solo evidence in every bit many months, was held at the Whyte Gallery, Washington, D.C.^[10] In 1944, she was represented by the American British Art Eye and the Galerie St. Etienne, which increased her sales. Her paintings were exhibited throughout Europe and the Us over the side by side 20 years.^[two] Otto Kallir established the Grandma Moses Properties, Inc. for her.^[4]

The paintings of Grandma Moses were used to publicize American holidays, including Thanksgiving, Christmas, and Mother's Day.^[xviii] A Mother'southward Day feature in True Confessions (1947) written by Eleanor Early noted how "Grandma Moses remains prouder of her preserves than of her paintings, and proudest of all of her 4 children, eleven grandchildren and four slap-up-grandchildren."^[xviii] During the 1950s, her exhibitions bankrupt attendance records around the globe. Fine art historian Judith Stein noted: "A cultural icon, the spry, productive nonagenarian was continually cited equally an inspiration for housewives, widows and retirees."^[x] Her paintings were reproduced on Authentication greeting cards, tiles, fabrics,^[two] and ceramics. They were also used to marketplace products, similar coffee, lipstick, cigarettes, and cameras.^[10]

Acclamation [edit]

In 1950, the National Press Club cited her as one of the five most newsworthy women and the National Association of House Apparel Manufacturers honored her equally their 1951 Woman of the Twelvemonth. When she reached 88, Mademoiselle magazine named her a "Young Woman of the Year".^[10] She was awarded two honorary doctoral degrees. The get-go was bestowed in 1949 from Russell Sage College and the second two years after from the Moore College of Art and Design.^[1]

President Harry S. Truman presented her with the Women's National Press Guild trophy Award for outstanding achievement in art in 1949. Jerome Hill directed the 1950 documentary of her life, which was nominated for an University Accolade. In 1952, she published her autobiography, My Life's History.^[ii] In it she said "I look back on my life similar a cheerio's work, it was done and I feel satisfied with information technology. I was happy and contented, I knew nada better and made the all-time out of what life offered. And life is what we brand information technology, always has been, always will exist."^[1] In 1955, she appeared as a guest on See It Now, a goggle box program hosted by Edward R. Murrow.^[2]

After years and death [edit]

She was a member of the Society of Mayflower Descendants and Daughters of the American Revolution.^[1] Her 100th birthday was proclaimed "Grandma Moses Day" by New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller. LIFE magazine historic her altogether by featuring her on its September 19, 1960, cover.^[two] The children's book Grandma Moses Story Book was published in 1961.^[one]

Grandma Moses died at age 101 on Dec thirteen, 1961 at the Health Center in Hoosick Falls, New York. She is buried at that place at the Maple Grove Cemetery.^[2] President John F. Kennedy memorialized her: "The expiry of Grandma Moses removed a love figure from American life. The directness and vividness of her paintings restored a primitive freshness to our perception of the American scene. Both her work and her life helped our nation renew its pioneer heritage and recall its roots in the countryside and on the frontier. All Americans mourn her loss."^[1] After her death, her work was exhibited in several large traveling exhibitions in the U.s. and abroad.^[2]

Legacy [edit]

The 1969 U.S. postage postage honoring Grandma Moses. It re-creates her painting Fourth of July, which the White House owns.

A 1942 piece, The Quondam Checky Firm, 1862, was appraised at the Memphis 2004 Antiques Roadshow.^[19] It was non as common as her winter landscapes. Originally purchased in the 1940s for under $10,^[twenty] the piece was assigned an insurance value of $lx,000 past the appraiser, Alan Fausel.^[nineteen]

In Nov 2006, her 1943 work Sugaring Off became her highest-selling work at United states of america $i.two million.^[21]

Otto Kallir of the Galerie St. Etienne gave her painting Fourth of July (1951) to the White Firm as a gift in 1952.^[22] The painting too appears on a U.S. commemorative stamp that was issued in Grandma Moses' honor in 1969.^[23]

The character Daisy "Granny" Moses (Irene Ryan) on The Beverly Hillbillies, was named as an homage to Grandma Moses, who died shortly earlier the series began.^[23]

Norman Rockwell and Grandma Moses were friends who lived over the Vermont-New York state border from each other.^[24] Moses lived in Hawkeye Bridge, New York and after 1938 the Rockwells had a house in nearby Arlington, Vermont.^[25] She appears on the far left edge in the Norman Rockwell painting Christmas Homecoming, which was printed on The Saturday Evening Post 's Dec 25, 1948 embrace.^{[26] [27]}

Collections [edit]

This is a selection of the public collections of her work:

• Bennington Museum in Bennington, Vermont, holds the largest public collection of Moses'southward paintings^{[28] [29]}
• Brooklyn Museum, New York City^[30]
• Figge Art Museum, Davenport, Iowa^[31]
• Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C.^[32]
• Lauren Rogers Museum of Art, Laurel, Mississippi^[33]
• Maier Museum of Art at Randolph-Macon Adult female'southward College, Virginia^[34]
• Memorial Fine art Gallery of the University of Rochester, New York^[35]
• Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City^[36]
• Muscarelle Museum of Art, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia
• National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington D.C.^[37]
• The Phillips Collection, Washington D.C.^[38]
• Smithsonian American Art Museum^[39]
• University of Iowa Museum of Art, Iowa City^[40]

Works [edit]

These are selected works:

• Autumn in the Berkshires ^[41]
• Black Horses, 1942^[41]
• Bondsville Fair, 1945^[41]
• Catching the Thanksgiving Turkey, San Diego Museum of Fine art^[42]
• Christmas, 1958, Oil and Tempura on Pressed Wood, Smithsonian American Fine art Museum^[43]
• Dividing of the Ways, 1947, oil and tempera on masonite, Collection American Folk Fine art Museum, New York^[42]
• English language Cottage Flower Garden, embroidery^[41]
• Get Out the Sleigh, 1960, oil on pressed wood^[42]
• Grandma Moses Goes to the Big Metropolis, 1946, Oil on Canvas, Smithsonian American Art Museum^[44]
• Haying Time, 1945^[41]
• Home of the Hezekiah King, 1776, 1943, Phoenix Fine art Museum^[42]
• Home for Thanksgiving, 1952^[45]
• Hoosick Falls, 1944, Southern Vermont Arts Centre^[42]
• Jack 'northward Jill ^[42]
• July Fourth, 1951^[45]
• My Hills of Home, Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, New York^[42]
• Out for Christmas Copse ^[42]
• Rockabye, 1957, Grandma Moses with her grandchildren^[45]
• The Childhood Abode of Anna Mary Robertson Moses, 1942^[41]
• Thanksgiving Turkey ^[46]
• The Daughter's Homecoming, oil on pressed wood^[42]
• The Old Checkered Business firm ^[42]
• The Old Covered Bridge, The Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, Connecticut^[42]
• The Old Oaken Bucket ^[42]
• The Red Checkered Business firm ^[42]
• Turkey in the Harbinger, c.  1940, private drove^[46]
• White Christmas ^[42]
• Winter is Here, 1945^[42]

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d east f g h i j grand fifty grand} "Obituary: Grandma Moses Is Dead at 101; Archaic Artist 'Just Wore Out'". The New York Times. Dec 14, 1961.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} "Anna Mary Robertson ("Grandma") Moses Biography". Galerie St. Etienne. Retrieved Baronial 30, 2014.
3. ^ Christina Tree; Diane E. Foulds (June 1, 2009). Explorer's Guide Vermont. Countryman Press. p. 123. ISBN978-1-58157-822-5.
4. ^ ^{a b c} Arnold B. Cheyney (Jan 1, 1998). People of Purpose: 80 People Who Have Made a Divergence. Good Year Books. p. 110. ISBN978-0-673-36371-eight.
5. ^ Grandma Moses. My Life's History.
6. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Program: Women's History Month Feature 2013 - Mt. Blusterous, Augusta Canton, Virginia". National Park Service. Retrieved Baronial 30, 2014.
7. ^ Amy Ross Moses (March 2012). "National Annals of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Mount Airy" (PDF). p. 8.
8. ^ "National Register of Celebrated Places Listings". Weekly List of Deportment Taken on Properties: 8/20/12 through 8/24/12. National Park Service. Baronial 31, 2012.
9. ^ ^{a b c} "Grandma Moses in the 21st Century (originally published in Resource Library Mag.)". Traditional Fine Arts Organization Inc. Retrieved August vi, 2011.
10. ^ ^{a b c d e f k h i j} Stein, Judith (2001). The White-Haired Girl: A Feminist Reading: Grandma Moses in the 21st Century. Alexandria, VA: Art Services International. pp. 48–63. Archived from the original on March iv, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
11. ^ Paul Arnett; William Arnett (2000). Souls Grown Deep: The tree gave the dove a leaf. Tinwood Books. p. 282. ISBN978-0-9653766-0-0.
12. ^ Moses, Grandma (1998). People Weekly (Special Collectors ed.). New York, NY: Fourth dimension, Inc. Home Entertainment. p. 120.
13. ^ "Grandma Moses (Anna Mary Robertson Moses) 1860–1961". National Museum of Women in the Arts. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
14. ^ Zimmer, William (July 26, 1998). "Art; The Varied Tradition of Grandma Moses". The New York Times . Retrieved May 4, 2010.
15. ^ American Council of Learned Societies (1959). Dictionary of American Biography . Scribner. p. 557. ISBN978-0-684-16794-vii.
16. ^ ^{a b} Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.); Doreen Bolger; Doreen Bolger Shush (1980). American Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: A catalogue of works by artists born between 1846 and 1864. Vol. 3. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 390. ISBN978-0-87099-244-5.
17. ^ Karal Ann Marling (2006). Designs on the Eye: The Homemade Art of Grandma Moses . Harvard University Press. p. 102. ISBN978-0-674-02226-3.
18. ^ ^{a b} Early, Eleanor (May 1947). "Simply a Mother". Truthful Confessions. p. 47.
19. ^ ^{a b} "1942 Grandma Moses Painting". PBS. Retrieved August xxx, 2014.
20. ^ Gallagher, BJ (February 11, 2014). It's Never Likewise Late to Be What You Might Have Been: A Guide to Getting the Life Y'all Love. Cleis Press. p. 105. ISBN978-1-936740-69-seven.
21. ^ Martin Bjergegaard; Jordan Milne (May 1, 2014). Winning Without Losing: 66 strategies for succeeding in a business organisation while living a happy and counterbalanced life. Pino Tribe Limited. p. 180. ISBN978-0-9912609-7-3.
22. ^ Richard L. Lewis & Susan Ingalls Lewis, The Power of Art (rev. tertiary ed.: Centgage Learning, 2013), p. 22.
23. ^ ^{a b} Schubert, Sunny (Apr 27, 2012). "View from the Pier: Brushing upwards on some art with Vino and Van Gogh". The Herald-Contained . Retrieved August 30, 2014.
24. ^ Saloman, Deborah (November 1, 2013). "Norman Rockwell's New England". The New York Times . Retrieved Baronial 30, 2014.
25. ^ Karal Ann Marling (2006). Designs on the Heart: The Homemade Art of Grandma Moses . Harvard Academy Press. p. 182. ISBN978-0-674-02226-3.
26. ^ Karal Ann Marling (2006). Designs on the Heart: The Bootleg Fine art of Grandma Moses . Harvard Academy Press. pp. 189, 284. ISBN978-0-674-02226-3.
27. ^ "Norman Rockwell'south Christmas Homecoming cover of the Saturday Evening Post". coverbrowser.com. Retrieved Baronial 30, 2014.
28. ^ "Museum Story". Bennington Museum. Retrieved Baronial thirty, 2014.
29. ^ "Collections". Bennington Museum. Retrieved Baronial 30, 2014.
30. ^ "Anna Mary Robertson Moses". Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
31. ^ "Artists - Thou - page 4". Figge Art Museum. Retrieved August thirty, 2014.
32. ^ "Search: Grandma Moses". Hirshhorn. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
33. ^ "Search: Anna Moses". Lauren Rogers Museum of Art. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
34. ^ "Search: Moses". Maier Museum of Art, Randolph Higher. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
35. ^ "Search: Anna Moses". Memorial Art Gallery, University of Rochester. Retrieved Baronial 30, 2014.
36. ^ "Search: Grandma Moses". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved August xxx, 2014.
37. ^ "Grandma Moses". National Museum of Women in the Arts. Retrieved August xxx, 2014.
38. ^ "Collection - Artists L-1000". The Phillips Collection. Retrieved Baronial 30, 2014.
39. ^ "SAAM - Grandma Moses".
40. ^ "Grandma Moses". University of Iowa Museum of Art. Retrieved August thirty, 2014.
41. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Adam Richard Schaefer (2003). Grandma Moses. Heinemann Library. pp. 5–13. ISBN978-1-4034-0289-nine.
42. ^ ^{a b c d east f thou h i j yard fifty m northward o} Karal Ann Marling (2006). Designs on the Heart: The Homemade Art of Grandma Moses . Harvard University Press. p. throughout. ISBN978-0-674-02226-3.
43. ^ "SAAM - Christmas past Grandma Moses".
44. ^ "SAAM - Grandma Moses Goes to the Big City".
45. ^ ^{a b c} V. T. Dacquino (January 1, 2010). Grandma Moses. Benchmark Instruction Company. pp. 12–17. ISBN978-1-61672-617-1.
46. ^ ^{a b} Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.); Doreen Bolger; Doreen Bolger Burke (1980). American Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: A catalogue of works by artists built-in betwixt 1846 and 1864. Vol. 3. Metropolitan Museum of Fine art. pp. 391–392. ISBN978-0-87099-244-5.

External links [edit]

• Works by or virtually Grandma Moses at Cyberspace Archive
• Jane Kallir, "Grandma Moses: The Artist Behind the Myth", The Clarion, Fall 1982.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandma_Moses

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